[ 李儉 ]——(2016-11-7) / 已閱16086次
企業(yè)國(guó)外參展應(yīng)注意的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律問題
（中英文）
IPR Legal Issue That Enterprise Shall Pay Attention
to While Attending Exhibition Abroad
北京市中銀（南京）律師事務(wù)所 高級(jí)合伙人 李 儉
Beijing Zhongyin (Nanjing) law firm Lawyer: Li Jian
【概要】隨著中國(guó)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品不斷邁出國(guó)門，在參與海外各種展覽中頻頻遭遇知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題，如注冊(cè)商標(biāo)、專利而遭遇國(guó)外企業(yè)采取的各種維權(quán)手段的尷尬，面臨產(chǎn)品被扣留甚至被起訴的不利局面，通過本文的研究旨在提供中國(guó)企業(yè)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和規(guī)范意識(shí)，并提出了各種建設(shè)性的解決方案。
企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品在國(guó)外的各種博覽會(huì)上參展，是企業(yè)走出國(guó)門、走向世界的重要一步，也是企業(yè)直接向國(guó)外的客戶展示自己產(chǎn)品、品牌和企業(yè)的最好機(jī)會(huì)。通過短短的幾天，就可以接觸到國(guó)外大量的潛在客戶，讓客戶對(duì)自己的產(chǎn)品和品牌有個(gè)直觀、形象的認(rèn)識(shí)，而且有利于雙方面對(duì)面的交流，有利于雙方就此建立直接的聯(lián)系，加快企業(yè)跟國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的接軌。
It is an important pace for enterprise to step abroad and towards the world and also a best opportunity for enterprise to directly exhibit their products and brand to foreign customers while attending various kinds of exhibitions abroad.
近年來，國(guó)內(nèi)越來越多的企業(yè)通過在參加產(chǎn)品博覽會(huì)等國(guó)外參展的方式推銷自己的產(chǎn)品，但在參展的過程中也遇到了很多的法律問題，有的甚至遭遇了參展產(chǎn)品當(dāng)場(chǎng)被扣押、甚至被起訴的尷尬局面。企業(yè)在國(guó)外參展一般會(huì)遇到以下知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)方面的法律問題：
In recent years, more and more domestic enterprises market their products by attending products fair abroad, but some of them encounter many legal issues and even face the awkward situation that their products on show were detained on the exhibition spot or even were sued. Generally speaking, enterprises may encounter following legal issues concerning IPR while attending product exhibition abroad.
1．展臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)、廣告手冊(cè)、宣傳標(biāo)語、圖片等，如產(chǎn)品說明書、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示用軟件或背景音樂等，若處理不當(dāng)容易侵犯當(dāng)事人的著作權(quán)；
1. Design of exhibition booth, brochure of broadcast, advertising slogan, pictures etc, such as product specification, software for live demo or background music etc. If you handle it improperly, you may easily infringe other’s copyright.
2．不當(dāng)使用他人的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)，容易侵犯當(dāng)事人的商標(biāo)權(quán)，尤其是馳名商標(biāo)權(quán)利；
Improperly use of other’s registered trademark may easily infringe other’s right of trademark, esp. well-known trademark.
3．產(chǎn)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)參加展覽的產(chǎn)品一般都是最先進(jìn)的成果，所以其中很大一部分具備專利性。 這也是企業(yè)參展中最容易產(chǎn)生法律問題的地方。
Product of design that attend exhibition usually represents most advanced achievements, and most of which are of patentability. This is the right place that it may easily cause legal problem during exhibition.
一般而言，歐盟在對(duì)待展會(huì)侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的情況一旦查證屬實(shí)，會(huì)采取以下一些法律手段：
Generally speaking, EU will take following legal measures in case the infringement of IP has been verified during the exhibition.
1、 向涉嫌侵權(quán)方發(fā)出“警告信”
Send warning letter to a suspect of infringing party.
在德國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛中，警告信是權(quán)利人提出訴訟前的要求書，一般由權(quán)利人的代理律師起草和發(fā)出，權(quán)利人將會(huì)要求其認(rèn)為的侵權(quán)人停止正在進(jìn)行的侵權(quán)行為，并承諾不再實(shí)施侵權(quán)行為。
In IP disputes in Germany, warning letter is a statement of requirements before IPR owner lodges a lawsuit which is usually drafted and issued by attorney agent of IPR owner. In the letter, IPR owner will require infringing party to stop infringement act and undertake not to perform infringement no longer.
2、 緊急臨時(shí)禁令
Urgent temproary injunction
緊急臨時(shí)禁令程序是法院在緊急情況下發(fā)出的臨時(shí)禁令，以禁止某種行為，從而避免這種行為今后造成的損失。這是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛案中最常見的訴訟程序。
Urgent temporary injunction procedure is a temporary injunction that court issues under emergency circumstances in order to prohibit certain act in order to avoid the loss it may cause in the future. This a most common litigation procedure in IPR disputes.
臨時(shí)禁令送達(dá)時(shí)，被告必須立即遵守；如果臨時(shí)禁令包括扣押命令，原告將扣押產(chǎn)品并保存，直到民事法院作出最終裁決；如果被告不遵守，民事法院將判處高額處罰金并簽發(fā)針對(duì)被告的逮捕令。
When temporary injunction is serviced, defendant must observe right away. If temporary injunction includes a seizure order, plaintiff will detain products and preserve it until civil court makes final decision. If defendant doesn’t observe, civil court will sentence to fines of a large amount and issue a warrant against defendant.
如果產(chǎn)品沒有侵權(quán)，對(duì)臨時(shí)禁令有這些應(yīng)對(duì)措施：提起對(duì)臨時(shí)禁令的抗辯；申請(qǐng)廢除禁令；申請(qǐng)進(jìn)入主要訴訟程序；要求臨時(shí)禁令申請(qǐng)人賠償損失。如果產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)，可對(duì)案件價(jià)值提出抗辯；與權(quán)利人溝通談判，簽署和解協(xié)議以徹底了結(jié)案件，避免進(jìn)一步的法律費(fèi)用。
If the product proves not to infringe other’s IPR, there are following answering measures against temporary injunction: file a plea against temporary injunction, apply to abrogate injunction, apply to enter into main litigation procedures, request compensation of loss from applier of temporary injunction. If the product infringes other’s IPR, the product owner may file a plea against case value, communicate with owner of IPR and sign the settlement in order to completely file the case and avoid further legal expenditure.
3、 海關(guān)扣押
Customs seizure
經(jīng)權(quán)利人申請(qǐng)，海關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)涉嫌侵權(quán)產(chǎn)品入境，有權(quán)扣押保全展品。扣押既可在邊境，也可在展覽會(huì)場(chǎng)。產(chǎn)品扣押后，貨主可以提出抗辯；如果沒有侵權(quán)，則申請(qǐng)人要賠償損失；如果確實(shí)侵權(quán)，貨主可以同意海關(guān)銷毀產(chǎn)品，以避免進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查程序。
Upon application of IPR owner, in case customs finds products suspected of infringing other’s IPR, it is entitled to detain and preserve exhibited products which can be conducted both on the frontier or exhibition spot. After the products are seizured, its owner can raise a plea. If there is no infringement, the applicant may claim compensation of the loss. If product definitely infringes other’s IPR, product owner may consent with customs to destroy products by melting or burning in order to avoid further investigation procedures.
4、 刑事程序
Criminal procedure
在德國(guó)法律下，任何故意侵犯被授予的德國(guó)專利和歐洲專利的德國(guó)部分都構(gòu)成刑事犯罪，專利權(quán)利人可以向警方和檢查官提起刑事訴訟。在緊急情況下，警方可以自行采取行動(dòng)，或在獲得刑事法官的搜查令后開始行動(dòng)，扣押物品，查封展臺(tái)。在這種情況下，可以事先告訴警察官和刑事法官爭(zhēng)議將涉及復(fù)雜技術(shù)問題，而且他們不能判定侵權(quán)和專利的有效性。如果認(rèn)為沒有侵權(quán)，可向法院提出抗辯，申請(qǐng)免予起訴。切不可置之不理，否則產(chǎn)品將喪失德國(guó)市場(chǎng)。
Under German laws and regulations, any act of intentionally infringing German and European granted patent will constitute criminal offense that IPR owner may lodge criminal lawsuit towards police station and prosecutor. Under emergency circumstances, police may take action by themselves, or start action after acquiring search warrant from criminal judge to seizure goods and seal up exhibition booth. Under such circumstances, you may tell policeman and criminal judge that as it will involve complicated technical issue, they cannot judge infringement and the effectiveness of patent. If one thinks there is no infringement, he can raise a plea to court and apply for immunity from suit, but he cannot ignore, otherwise, he may lose Germany market.
一旦在歐盟其中一國(guó)涉嫌侵權(quán)，強(qiáng)制措施將同樣適用于歐盟各國(guó)。
Once your product constitutes a suspect of infringement act in any of EU countries, compulsory measures will be adapted to all other EU countries similarly.
隨著會(huì)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展，展覽會(huì)上知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題也日益凸顯，給展會(huì)市場(chǎng)帶來了干擾與負(fù)面影響。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)問題已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)企業(yè)進(jìn)入海外市場(chǎng)的首要問題之一，企業(yè)如何能保證在國(guó)外參加產(chǎn)品博覽會(huì)能卓有成效但同時(shí)又能有效地避免法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？應(yīng)從以下三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行把握。
With the development of exhibition economy, IPR issue on the exhibition becomes highlighted increasingly which brings disturbance and negative effect on exhibition market. IPR infringement issue has become primary problem for Chinese enterprise entering into overseas market. How can enterprise guarantee the high effectiveness of product exhibition at abroad and simultaneously effectively avoid legal risks? Enterprise shall proceed from three points as follows:
一、參展前的充分準(zhǔn)備
Full preparation before exhibition
（一） 先行了解
Investigation beforehand
為了避免在國(guó)際展會(huì)上遇到知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛，中國(guó)企業(yè)非常有必要了解和熟悉參展國(guó)相關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律，在參展前進(jìn)行必要的法律咨詢，甚至聘請(qǐng)這方面的專業(yè)律師對(duì)所在國(guó)有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題提供律師建議。展覽公司應(yīng)當(dāng)有義務(wù)提供必要咨詢服務(wù)，參展商還以向參展國(guó)的法律咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)或律師咨詢，還可以利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行檢索，了解參展國(guó)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)法律體系和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法的執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)和執(zhí)法程序，盡可能降低知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛，減少損失。
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